Idioms on the GMAT

The GMAT experts at Magoosh have just released their long-awaited GMAT Idiom eBook, the perfect complement to your GMAT verbal studies. At 100 pages deep, this eBook is designed to help you conquer even the toughest idioms youll face in Sentence Correction. Learn what exactly idioms on the GMAT are (think â€Å"argue with† vs â€Å"argue against†), what they aren’t (â€Å"raining cats and dogs†), and just how important they are (think very important). The GMAT Idiom eBook neatly aggregates many of GMAT expert Mike McGarry’s popular and engaging content from the Magoosh GMAT blog and serves up plenty of practice questions to make sure you really know idioms inside and out. Prepositions and Idioms: Comparisons with To Of course, the GMAT Sentence Correction loves comparisons. The following comparative forms use the preposition â€Å"to† compare A to B compare to compared to (or compared with) in contrast to A, B Here are some exemplary sentences to demonstrate proper usage. †¢Ã‚  In The Crucible, Arthur Miller compared the activities of the HUAC to the Salem witch trials. †¢Ã‚  Warren G. Harding won one of the largest landslide victories in American presidential history, but in retrospect, his administration does not compare well to those of virtually all other presidents. †¢Ã‚  Compared to/with California, New Jersey has a relatively small coast. †¢Ã‚  Compared to/with other writers of the early 20th century, James Joyce may seem to have produced a limited output, if one judges purely by number of books. †¢Ã‚  In contrast to politics throughout Europe, politics in America are influenced much more heavily by religion. †¢Ã‚  In contrast to the numerous theorems of Geometry readily accessible to high school students, most of the theorems of Number Theory are so sophisticated that only those with advanced degrees in mathematics can understand them. The GMAT does not like the words â€Å"compared to† or â€Å"compared with† combined with other comparative words: Compared to A, B is taller. A has more money, compared to B. When compared to A, Also, adding the word â€Å"when† before the word â€Å"compared† is always 100% wrong. //

How Does Jane Eyre Develop Between Chapters 11 and 27 of the Novel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1322 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? The novel Jane Eyre is predominantly a bildungsroman, Jane’s development throughout the novel is one of the most important aspects of the narrative. During Jane’s time at Thornfield she makes huge emotional progress through her relationship with Rochester and the discovery of Bertha Mason, eventually resulting in her departure from Thornfield. In chapter 11 when Jane first arrives at Thornfield She is unsure of her surroundings and the description of the thorn trees alludes to fairytales such as Sleeping Beauty and Briar Rose. This conveys Jane’s innocence and shows the reader how childlike Jane is at this stage of the novel in terms of emotional development. The theme of Jane’s limitations is also highlighted, and Jane’s focus on Mrs Fairfax’s â€Å"bunch of keys† shows the insecurity she feels about not having control over her present or future. However, Jane draws comfort from the discovery that Mrs Fairfax is also a â€Å"dependent†. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Does Jane Eyre Develop Between Chapters 11 and 27 of the Novel?" essay for you Create order This shows a departure from the uncertainty she felt when she first arrived at Thornfield, and the use of the same word as was used by John Reed in the first chapter shows how much she has developed since then in order to be able to overcome the distress that the word first caused her. This emphasises the extent to which Jane has already developed and gives the reader an impression for the scope of development still possible for Jane. In the progression from the eleventh to the twelfth chapter we can see how Jane has used her connection with Mrs Fairfax to allow her to become aware of the positive aspects of the other inhabitants of Thornfield Hall and showing that she has already become more mature and is willing to reconsider her initial opinions on the residents of Thornfield like Adele and Rochester. Jane begins chapter 12 by saying: â€Å"the promise of a smooth career as not belied on a stronger acquaintance with the place. † She feels secure at Thornfield and that her impression of the place was correct, reading the novel retrospectively the reader can see that Jane’s statement underlines her naivety and shows her lack of insight into the true goings on at Thornfield. The emphasis of this is shown by Rochester’s omission of the fact that he is Thornfield’s owner when Jane sees him fall off his horse. In chapter 16 we can see Jane beginning to develop feelings for Mr Rochester: â€Å"glad at least to go downstairs; for that brought me closer to Mr Rochester’s presence† This marks a stride in her emotional development as in this instance, rather than developing an attachment to a mother figure in the search for a family, Jane is becoming attached romantically which demonstrates that she is thinking in a more adult way and instead of wanting to join a family it seems that she is striving to create one of her own. Jane’s ongoing suspicions regarding Bertha Mason, whose existence she is at this stage unaware of, show her increasing maturity as she is prepared to look deeper into a situation and is clearly no longer as naive as she was when she previously believed Mrs Fairfax’s explanation that the laughter was Grace Poole. However, Jane is willing to believe what she is told because of her feelings for Rochester which conveys a certain amount of naivety still present as, in a fairly childlike manner; she is inclined to believe what she is told by superiors as opposed to forming her own opinions or inquiring further. Jane’s reformed perspective shows that she has developed from previous chapters. Her opinion was that at Thornfield, everything was as it seemed, she has revised her opinions in an adult way and also, in not enquiring much further about the matter she is showing a mature attitude to protecting her employment and her future. Chapter 20 shows that Jane is beginning to be seen as a more adult character by Rochester as he confides in her and asks her for advice about his situation: â€Å"I’ll put a case to you; which you must endeavour to suppose your own†. Jane’s reply also shows that she is taking on the trust that Rochester has in her and responding in a mature and conscientious way: â€Å"a wanderer’s repose or a sinner’s reformation should never depend on a fellow-creature let him look higher than his equals for strength to amend, and solace to heal†. Jane encourages Rochester to look to God for answers, by distancing herself from this issue Jane is showing an older attitude towards Rochester’s request and the development in her self control can be seen. Furthermore, Jane showing her increased ability to contain her emotions takes the power from Rochester, who at this point has almost complete control over Jane’s emotions, thus empowering Jane and allowing her to overcome the pain caused by the thought of Rochester’s marriage to Blanche. The use of the word â€Å"sinner† shows that she is considering the problem with a more Christian sensibility, a lesson she has learnt from Helen Burns. Jane can be seen to be developing this trait throughout the novel but at this juncture her repression of her emotions shows her to be truly taking the lesson on board and conforming more readily to the expectations of Victorian society. Jane’s heightened sense of Christian morality is highlighted by her return to Gateshead in Chapter 21, where the extent of her development is emphasised by observation of her behaviour in Chapter 1 of the novel. Her cousins’ lack of development merely serves to accentuate Jane’s maturity and willingness to forgive Mrs Reed: â€Å"you have my full and free forgiveness†. Jane’s recently developed ability to suppress her emotions is tested in chapter 23 when Rochester tells her that he has decided to marry Blanche. Jane sobs: â€Å"for I could suppress what I endured no longer†. This demonstrates that despite the fact that Jane has suppressed her feelings before she is unable to do so all the time and implying that there is room for further development and refinement before she conforms totally to the Victorian ideal of womanhood. Jane adds weight to the argument that she still must mature more before she is at that stage in chapter 24. Rochester says that he will load her â€Å"fairy-like fingers with rings†. The use of the description â€Å"fairy-like† implies that Rochester considers Jane small and allusions to fairytales seen throughout the novel evoke the image of Jane in a childlike state. Therefore this statement causes Jane to reconsider the levels of equality between her and Rochester, as she feels unable to participate in a marriage where she still feels like a dependent. Jane’s feeling on the subject causes the reader to notice that Jane is aware of her own development and is reluctant to return to the stage she was at as a child. The discovery of Bertha Mason marks a significant turning point in Jane’s development: â€Å"In the deep shade, at the farther end of the room, a figure ran backwards and forwards†. There are many possible interpretations of this section of the novel, one of which is that Bertha is a metaphor for he trapped emotions which Jane has been suppressing. When Jane sees Bertha at the end of the room it prompts her between chapters 26 and 27 to decide that it is best for her to leave Thornfield. This could be due to the nterpretation that Bertha represents Jane’s future and the motion of running backwards and forwards symbolizes the entrapment promised by her marriage to Rochester. Jane’s maturity in dealing with the situation shows her development and she realises that she needs to retain her autonomy and leave Thornfield. Despite leaving Rochester and regaining her freedom, the way in which Jane executes her actions in a demure manner demonstrates her emotional development and her revised moral views.

Social Work As A Social Worker - 2488 Words

Human services itself describes a multitude of possible agencies and therefore career opportunities. However one of the huge parts of human services is adoption, foster care, and assisting children in general. Being a social worker you can help make sure that children are placed in good, loving homes, where they are going to be taken care of. There has been countless people that have helped to form and shape the way that social workers help children; but by far one of the most influential people would have to have been Charles Loring Brace. Charles Loring Brace has help create the roots for how we today work as social workers and how the system functions as a whole. What is a social worker? This question could mean so many different†¦show more content†¦During this time churches would take care of people that where located locally around them, with tithe money that they collected. Another huge avenue to help the needy at the begging of the development of human services were hospitals. They would provide healthcare, food, and shelter to those in need. As time went on taking care of the poor, orphaned, elderly and sickly, and others in need changed as the world became more industrialized and as a result there where more people who needed help. One way you can see this was in England with the creation of the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601. This was a key turning point for human services as a whole, and it help guide social welfare in England as well as the United States to help and create the system that we have today. The way human services formed in the United States was affected a lot by England (Woodside McClam, 1998). When are country was first forming much of the aid people received came from neighbors and people in the community. We then created our own version of laws that guided how we took care of the needy modeled off of the Elizabethan Poor Law. This lasted for a while until people started to see those in need as just lazy or not taking care of themselves, and that if you aided them it was just encouraging them to do nothing. Social Darwinism and theories like it started to surface with many believing it was like a survival of the fittest and if

Alfred Kinsey Essay - 843 Words

Kara Duenas January 27, 2013 2nd period A.P. Psychology Mrs. Gatewood Alfred Kinsey was born in New Jersey on June 23, 1894 to Alfred Kinsey and Sarah Charles. As a young boy he suffered many illnesses such as rheumatic fever and typhoid. In high school, he began his interest in biology and botanical studies with the influence of his teacher. He started his career in biology as a zoologist and entomologist but later found interest in sexology. His parents were very religious therefore not agreeing with his choice of career. Due to this he considered his father’s wishes by studying engineering but decided that he was better off with biology. In 1919 Kinsey graduated from Harvard with a Doctor of Science degree and joined Indiana†¦show more content†¦In particular, the book reported that extramarital and premarital sex were more frequent than generally believed; that nearly all males, especially teenagers, masturbated and that masturbation did not cause mental illness; and that one in three men reported having at least one homosexual enc ounter. Alfred Kinsey focused all his research on the following topics: anal sex, bisexuality, coitus, erogenous zones, extramarital sex, fantasy, foreplay, homosexuality, masturbation, nudity, oral sex, orgasm, peak performance/maximum sexual activity, premarital sex and sadomasochism. There are little studies shown in the original Kinsey Studies regarding anal sex. He reported, among the male homosexual, occasional individuals brought to orgasm anally and for females, Kinsey said that good incidence data was not available. Kinsey found that bisexuality is more frequent in males then in females but believed that because a male and a male engage in sexual activity does not mean they are homosexual. Kinsey spent most of his time researching and studying sex that he did not have time for his wife. He began having sexual affairs with children and experimented to deepen his studies and knowledge about sexual behaviors. â€Å"Kinseys work has been instrumental in advancing acceptance of pornography, homosexuality, abortion, and condom-based sexShow MoreRelatedAlfred Charles Kinsey s The Reception Of The Kinsey1378 Words   |  6 PagesAlfred Charles Kinsey vs. Historian Dagmar Herzog Alfred Charles Kinsey altered the way in which people of the twentieth century understood homosexuality. Kinsey’s findings created a great deal of discussion and controversy that became an enduring part of American culture. Historian Dagmar Herzog’s work The Reception of the Kinsey Reports in Europe observed European and American reactions to both volumes of Kinsey’s work. Alfred Charles Kinsey’s work supports and challenges Historian Dagmar Herzog’sRead MoreAlfred Kinsey s Influence On Sexuality1420 Words   |  6 PagesAlfred Kinsey remains one of the most controversial biologist human sexologist even 60 years after his death. Kinsey broke many taboos with his studies dealing with human sexuality such as masturbation, homosexuality, and premarital sex. While many of his methods was criticized by his peers, the field of psychology human sexuality would not be where it is without him. Alfred Kinsey was born in Hoboken, NJ in 1894(1). His paren ts were very strict Christian Methodists who were involved in the churchRead MoreAlfred Kinsey and William Masters and Virginia Johnson: Were They Ethical? 1613 Words   |  7 Pagesscientific method and rules of ethics. The experiments of Alfred Kinsey and the scientific team of William Masters and Virginia Johnson have been criticized for their methods of research and sense of ethics. Both scientific teams researched human sexuality, a topic in which is perpetually scrutinized. Kinsey and Masters and Johnson were not always ethical in their studies, and did not always follow the scientific method. Alfred Kinsey is best known for his research in male and female sexual behaviorsRead MoreSex Has Been A Physiological Study For Over Multiple Centuries1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe studies of sex have been a physiological study for over multiple centuries. Researchers such as psychologist John Watson, gynecologist Robert Latou Dickinson, and biologist Alfred Kinsey have all studied areas and/or ideas about sex. One researcher also is known to be a famous author, decided to also research and find a team of well-known researchers to discover the secret to amazing, mind-rippling sex (Roach 298.) Through interviews, traveling, and personal experiments, Mary Roach found thatRead MoreAlfred Kinsey s Research On Sexual Orientation901 Words   |  4 PagesAlfred Kinsey’s extensive research into sexual orientation has brought about some of the greatest and perhaps most controversial findings of the 20th century. His findings range from sexual activities to sexual orientation, includ ing â€Å"facts† that were considered shocking at the time of their publication, such as 10% of men are gay and almost half men have had adulterous affairs, etc. Not only have they changed the ways people view sex and sexual ethnics in the U.S., but these findings are also stillRead More`` All Sex, All The Time `` By Theodore Dalrymple994 Words   |  4 Pagesin his class had insulted him, calling him a virgin. She asked whether he knew what the word meant. No, replied the little boy. But I know it s something horrible. Academics like Alfred Kinsey, author of the famous reports, and Havelock Ellis devoted themselves to the removal of all sexual constraints. Kinsey thought that sex was the cause to many problems that ran in many people’s families. This observation was true; pregnant women being beaten up or abandoned by their boyfriends and husbandsRead MoreOpen Marriages Are A Form Of Relationship1043 Words   |  5 PagesOpen marriages are a form of relationship first brought into the public eye by Alfred Kinsey in the 1960s. Since then, the idea of approved extra-martial affairs have become even more popular, despite the uneducated critics hollering about it being an insult to the institution of marriage, or a way to justify cheating on one’s significant other. As open marriages start to become a more feasible option for couples looking to explore their sexuality, a common question always seems to come up; thisRead MoreThe Sexual Revolution During The Middle Of The 20th Century1771 Words   |  8 Pagesrevolution where taboos became more acceptable, personal sexuality was better understood, and stigmas attached to sex and sexual preferences were weakened. Much of the sexual revolution was made possible by pioneering scientists and psychologists, like Alfred Kinsey and Evelyn Hooker who dared challenged the status quo and made possible this new understanding of sex. The methods of these research played an essential role in legitimizing their findings and belief and help solidify the scientific ground on whichRead MoreSexuality And Its Impact On Our Values And Experience Taught By Alfred C. Kinsey1649 Words   |  7 Pagesof heteronormativity and the rejection of what society see same sex practices. 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mark twain Essay - 1481 Words

Samuel Clemens/Mark Twain 1835-1910 Samuel Clemens was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, the sixth of seven children. At the age of four, Sam and his family moved to the small frontier town of Hannibal, Missouri on the banks of the Mississippi River. Missouri, at the time, was a fairly new state (it had gained statehood in 1820) and comprised part of the countrys western border. It was also a slave state. Sams father owned one slave and his uncle owned several. In fact, it was on his uncles farm that Sam spent many boyhood summers playing in the slave quarters, listening to tall tales and the slave spirituals that he would enjoy throughout his life. In 1847, when Sam was 11, his father died. Shortly thereafter he left†¦show more content†¦His writings were so popular that, upon his return, he embarked upon his first lecture tour, which established him as a successful stage performer. Hired by the Alta California to continue his travel writing from the east, Sam arrived in New York City in 1867. He quickly signed up for a steamship tour of Europe and the Holy Land. His travel letters, full of vivid descriptions and tongue-in-cheek observations, met with such audience approval that they were later reworked into his first book, The Innocents Abroad in 1869. It was also on this trip that Clemens met his future brother-in-law, Charles Langdon. Langdon reportedly showed Sam a picture of his sister, Olivia, and Sam fell in love at first sight. After courting for two years, Sam Clemens and Olivia (Livy) Langdon were married in 1870. They settled in Buffalo, New York where Sam had become a partner, editor and writer for the daily newspaper the Buffalo Express. While living in Buffalo, their first child, Langdon Clemens was born. In an effort to be closer to his publisher, Sam moved his family to Hartford, Connecticut in 1871. For the first few years the Clemenses rented a house in the heart of Nook Farm, a residential area that was home to numerous writers, publishers and other prominent figures. In 1872, Sams recollections and tall tales from his frontier adventures were published in his book, Roughing It. That sameShow MoreRelated Mark Twain Essays1018 Words   |  5 Pages Mark Twain, a Racist?Mark Twain was a man that was way ahead of his time. In a time when people were judged on color,Mark Twain grew up in Florida, Missouri (Mandelbrot, Twain). In Missouri and Louisiana combined there were less than one half a million white persons (Chang, Twain p. 21). Which meant the black population was abundant. While growing up Twain had no telegraph, no railroads, no stage lines of any consequence (Twain, www.marktwain.com). Also maps were scarcely ever found. So Twain didn’tRead More Mark Twain Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain was a pilot, a comic lecturer, a humorist, a short story writer, and a novelist, to name a few of his many accomplishments. On November 30, 1835, Samuel Langhorne Clemens, otherwise known as Mark Twain, became the first man of any importance ever to be born west of the Mississippi River. He has become an icon as the American writer. This is because his way of writing cannot be simulated by Europeans or anyone else, due to the fact that the western setting of America creates aRead More Mark Twain Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pages Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the major authors of American fiction. Twain is also considered the greatest humorist in American literature. His varied works include novels, travel narratives, short stories, sketches, and essays. His writings about the Mississippi River, such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, have proven especially popular among modern readers. I feel that many of Mark Twains writingsRead MoreRighteousness, By Mark Twain2411 Words   |  10 Pagesauthor, Mark Twain, it is clear from his work that he has addressed the question of righteousness. As we take a look back in time from the lens of Twain s early life, this question of righteousness becomes very relevant. Growing up during the mid 1800s in Missouri, a place rampant with slavery, Twain was able to explore the American soul with wit, buoyancy, and a sharp eye for truth. Eventually he would soon come to realize the deep racial problems that existed in the south. 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Because Twains writing is so descriptive, people look to his books for realistic interpretations of places, for his memorable characters, and his ability to describe hisRead More Mark Twain Essay2338 Words   |  10 Pages Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known as Mark Twain, is perhaps the most distinguished author of American Literature. Next to William Shakespeare, Clemens is arguably the most prominent writer the world has ever seen. In 1818, Jane Lampton found interest in a serious young lawyer named John Clemens. With the Lampton family in heavy debt and Jane only 15 years of age, she soon arried John. The family moved to Gainesboro, Tennessee where Jane gave birth to Orion Clemens. In the summer of 1827 theRead MoreMark Twain Research Paper900 Words   |  4 PagesName -- Professor Reber English 1113 10 October 2012 Mark Twain Mark Twain was a world renowned novelist and a beloved American Writer. He wrote things about what was happening in the world around him and is also a huge part of American Literature. Although Mark Twain is a famous novelist his home life, background/achievements, and greatest accomplishments are what made him who he is today. Mark Twain was more than the man we all know. For one thing, he was born as Samuel Langhorn ClemensRead MoreLife on the Mississippi by Mark Twain1523 Words   |  7 PagesLife on the Mississippi by Mark Twain is his memoir about vital river life during the steamboat era and a remembrance of it after the Civil War. . Mark Twain (1835-1910) grew up Samuel Langhorne Clemens on the Mississippi River in the small town of Hannibal, Missouri. Twain was a journalist, essayist, and writer of short stories and novels. Mark Twain tells of his life on the river, humorous stories, and a glimpse of his life during his childhood. This Memoir displays a detailed account about howRead MoreA Brief Biography of Mark Twain668 Words   |  3 PagesMark Twain was born on November. 30, 1835 in the small town of Florida, MO. Mark’s birth name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. In 1839, the Clemens family moved 35 miles east to the town of Hannibal, in Mississippi. Mark kept to himself and in doors in his early years because of poor health and sickness. That was the case until he became years of age. He recovered from his illness and started playing outside with the rest of the children. Growing up his Father was a judge and worked a lot. He also

Company Retreat to another Company-Free-Samples Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Company retreat to another Company. Answer: Introduction iPixel Creative is a Singapore based organization that develops and designs web applications and provides web solutions to its customers. The organization has an employee base of over 850 employees. The organization has successfully completed numerous web based projects and recently accomplished the project of developing a web application for a client. The project team constituted of 30 employees which included operational team members, Project Manager, Project leader and several other resources as well. In order to celebrate the success of the project and to reward the employees for their efforts, the client decided to provide a retreat to the project team members. The document is the project report covering the project planning and analysis details (Mallery, 2011). Scope of the Project Objectives The primary objective of the project is to arrange for the retreat for the project employees within a budget of SGD 80,000. The entire project is required to be completed in the period of three weeks. Booking of the flight tickets to Thailand for the project team members interested for the trip. Booking of the hotels for all the travelers travelling to Thailand. Development and circulation of the itinerary for the trip including the cities and places to visit along with the dates. Project Deliverables Project plan covering the details of project scope, project budget, project schedule and project team members (Henderson, 2004) List of the travelers Flight tickets Approved Visa applications for all the travelers Hotel bookings Closure Report List of Project Milestones Listing, selection and finalization of the venue for the trip 11th September 2017 List of the team members traveling to Thailand 13th September 2017 Flight tickets 14th September 2017 Approved Visa 18th September 2017 Itinerary for the trip to Thailand 20th September 2017 Confirmation receipts from the hotels 25th September 2017 Technical Requirements of the Project A valid passport will be necessary for the team members willing to accept the offer of project retreat from the client Eligibility on the basis of medical and professional requirements will be necessary Project Limits and Exclusions The client will not cover the expenses made by the travelers on their personal shopping and food expenses. The tickets booked for the flights will be done in the economy class and the upgrades will not be handled by the client of the project (Seethamraju, 2012). The resources will be stopped from accepting the offer in case of their professional commitments pending to be completed. The duration of the trip shall be strictly seven days (Gullege, 2002) Project Customer Review Task/Activity in the Project Project Manager Project Leader Technical Writer Travel Expert Finance Officer HR Associate Project Planning R S Designing of Project Budget S S R Designing of the Project Schedule R R S Finalization of the trip venue R R S Approval on the travel of the employees S S R Booking of the flight tickets S S R Hotel bookings S S R Visa Arrangements and development of the itinerary S S R Preparation of project documents and closure report S S R Priority Matrix of the Project Factor 1 = Time Factor 2 = Scope/Performance Factor 3 = Cost Constraint X Enhancement X Accept X Project Priority Matrix Time, cost and scope are the three factors that have significance in the project and the project progress. These factors along with their priority and significance in the project have been described below. Constraint Time is the project factor that is a constraint in the project of a company retreat to the other company. The employees that will be traveling will have responsibilities in terms of the other projects as well. Any delays in the project or in the trip that has been decided will result in a lot many losses in terms of cancellation of the bookings along with non-fulfillment of the duties towards the organization. Therefore, the project time will be a primary constraint in the project (Yang Tamir, 2015). Enhancement The scope of the project includes the planning, analysis and closure activities along with the booking activities. There can be enhancements done from the side of the client in terms of the hotel category that is selected or in the flight category that is selected. The enhancements will lead to the improvement of the employee satisfaction. Accepts There is a budget of SGD 80,000 estimated for the project. However, there can be acceptance in terms of the project costs such as a little variation in the costs (Sunde, 2011). The variations may result from the changes in the price of the flight tickets or the hotel charges. The priorities in the project can, therefore, be determined from the factors that are constraint, enhancement and acceptance. Time shall be kept as the top priority followed by the cost and the scope (Mohapatra Patnaik, 2011). Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Project - Company retreat by another company 1.1. Analysis of the project requirements Analysis of the specifications in terms of the offer made by the client 1.2. Determination of project scope, cost and schedule Planning of the project in terms of the creation of the project scope, budget and schedule 1.3. Selection of the travelers willing to travel Confirmation from the project employees willing to travel 1.4. Selection of the travel dates Decision on the travel dates 2.1. Selection of destination as Thailand Selection of the travel destination that the travelers will be visiting as the retreat 2.2. Data gathering Collection of the data such as traveler demographics and medical reports 2.3. Booking of the flights Booking of the flight as per the data that is collected 3.1. Gathering of passports Gathering of the passport from all the travelers 3.2. Gathering of documents and information Gathering of documents such as identity proofs and other necessary documents 3.3. Submission of the visa application Submission of the application in the visa office 3.4. Collection of the approved visa Collection of the visa from the visa office 3.5. Distribution of the visas to the travelers Providing the visa to the travelers 4.1. Listing of the places to visit Inclusion of the places that the employees will visit in the itinerary 4.2. Discussion with the managers and leaders Discussion of the itinerary with the senior management 4.3. Imparting itinerary details to the travelers Discussion of the itinerary with the travelers 4.4. Feedback from the resources Collection of the comments on the itinerary from all the travelers 4.5. Revision of the itinerary Re-designing of the itinerary4.6. Development of the itinerary Submission of the itinerary to as the final plan to follow during the trip 5.1. Hotel listing Listing of the hotels that the travelers will stay in 5.2. Hotel Analysis Analyzing of the hotels in terms of the quality and category of the hotel 5.3. Availability Enquiry Enquiry on the availability in terms of the dates 5.4. Final Booking Confirmation and collection of the receipts 6.1. Project Documentation Preparation of the final project documents 6.2. Closure report preparation and submission Development and submission of the closure report to the client (Marle, 2014) Project Cost estimation Time-phased Budget of the Project Project - Company retreat by another company Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 1.1. Project Planning 1.1.1. Analysis of the project requirements 300 1.1.2. Determination of project scope, cost and schedule 500 1.1.3. Selection of the travelers willing to travel 200 1.1.4. Selection of the travel dates 150 1.2. Bookings - Flights 1.2.1. Selection of destination as Thailand 400 1.2.2. Data gathering 4500 1.2.3. Booking of the flights 25000 1.3. Visa Arrangements 1.3.1. Gathering of passports 300 1.3.2. Gathering of documents and information 800 1.3.3. Submission of the visa application 7000 1.3.4. Collection of the approved visa 2200 1.3.5. Distribution of the visas to the travelers 600 1.4. Itinerary Preparation 1.4.1. Listing of the places to visit 200 1.4.2. Discussion with the managers and leaders 200 1.4.3. Imparting itinerary details to the travelers 140 1.4.4. Feedback from the resources 300 1.4.5. Revision of the itinerary 300 1.4.6. Development of the itinerary 120 1.5. Hotel Bookings 1.5.1. Hotel listing 300 1.5.2. Hotel Analysis 250 1.5.3. Availability Enquiry 250 1.5.4. Final Booking 32000 1.6. Project Closure 1.6.1. System Documentation 2500 1.6.2. Closure report preparation and submission 1200 Project Cost per Week 41950 34060 3700 Cumulative Cost 41950 76010 79710 Conclusion Project of company retreat to the other company is required to be finished in three weeks and in the budget of SGD 80,000. Project planning is one of the most significant steps in the project that shall be carried out with utmost attention and perfection. These project details that are identified in the project planning phase aid in the overall execution of the project References Gulledge, T. (2002). Business process management: public sector implications. Business Process Management Journal, 8(4), 364-376. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637150210435017 Henderson, L. (2004). Encoding and decoding communication competencies in project management ? an exploratory study. International Journal Of Project Management, 22(6), 469-476. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-7863(04)00014-6 Mallery, M. (2011). Project Management Portal (PMP) from the University of Washington Information Technology Wiki - https://wiki.cac.washington.edu/display/pmportal/Project+Management+Portal. Technical Services Quarterly, 28(3), 365-367. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131.2011.574546 Marle, F. (2014). Assisting project risk management method selection. International Journal Of Project Organisation And Management, 6(3), 254. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpom.2014.065255 Mohapatra, S., Patnaik, A. (2011). Sustainability in HRIS implementation through effective project management. International Journal Of Project Organisation And Management, 3(1), 78. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpom.2011.038865 Seethamraju, R. (2012). Business process management: a missing link in business education. Business Process Management Journal, 18(3), 532-547. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637151211232696 Sunde, L. (2011). Net-present-value cost/time tradeoff. International Journal Of Project Management, 13(1), 45-49. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-7863(95)95703-g Yang, Y., Tamir, G. (2015). Offshore software project management: mapping project success factors. International Journal Of Project Organisation And Management, 7(2), 111. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpom.2015.06961

Joseph Nyes Soft Power and Hard power free essay sample

In the field of International Relations, Joseph S. Nye Jr. has developed a theory about the concept of power he coined ‘soft power’ in his 1990 book Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. A former United States assistant Secretary of Defense, and Dean of Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government as well as the chairman of the US National Intelligence Council, Joseph S. Nye Jr. is a political scientist. Considered to be the National Security Advisor during the 2005 United States presidential election, Nye is one of the most recognized liberal theorists in the field of International Relations and foreign policy. More than four decades ago, Nye has published many works where the predominant theme is about the notion of power and success in world politics. Nye’s most recent publication was The Future of Power in 2011, however his most influential work, apart from the book he co-authored with Robert Keohane, Power and Interdependence (1977) , was Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. In his 1990 book, Nye describes what the concept of ‘soft power’ with regards to the international relations and domestic affairs for nations. According to Nye, the nature of power is much easier to ‘experience’ than to conceptualize, and this is evident when he wrote, â€Å"†¦Power is like the weather. Everyone depends on it and talks about it, but few understand it†¦we first need to recognize some basic distinctions among the terms power. † Traditionally, in international politics the â€Å"strength of war† was seen as the only determining factor of great power. However, over time the world has changed, developed and improved, especially through technology and globalization. Similarly, the sources of power have also changed in regards to the type. Nye explains ‘soft power’ as a method that involves â€Å"attracting others to your agenda in world politics†¦getting others to want what you want,† essentially to obtain an outcome in â€Å"you want. † To provide further context on the theory of ‘soft power,’ Ernest Wilson’s proposes, â€Å"in international politics, having ‘power’ is the ability to influence another to act in ways in which that entity would not have otherwise acted. † Furthermore, Nye outlines that the general concept of the theory is that rather than a country using ‘hard power’ threats, such as Military power and economic power. This paper will address both the benefits and drawbacks associated with the implementation of ‘soft power’ by analyzing its impact on American power, the United Nations, and the significance of the theory’s reformation into ‘smart power. ’ In international affairs, ‘soft power’ is most widely held definition and now used commonly used among political leaders, and academics. In addition to ‘soft power,’ Nye expanded on the theory; moreover the definition of power had a wider-range than simply one type of power. In contrast to the theory of ‘soft power is hard power,’ which Nye claims, are the use of the Military and how good a country’s economy is. Recently, Nye has coined and created another concept from combining both ‘soft power’ and ‘hard power,’ he calls it ‘smart power. ’ The first section of this paper will analyze the impact of the theory of ‘soft power’ on the US, and whether the use of ‘soft power’ over ‘hard power’ is effective. The second issue this paper will examine is how the international stage is affected by the theory of ‘soft power’ through studying the role of the United Nation. The last section of this paper will discuss what the causes are behind the gradual development of the theory from ‘soft power’ to ‘smart power’ and whether the change is good or not. II. The Impact of Soft Power in the United States In the United States, ‘soft power’ has been exclusively used and successfully employed in America. The international political context, the US’s ‘sheer might’ is undeniably apparent and Nye states, â€Å"no opposing army would dare to challenge it on a level playing field. † Although this statement contends that due to America’s use of ‘hard power’ it will essentially be able to do whatever they please, and receive the outcomes they choose. Many International Relations theorists talk about power and politics in terms of ‘hard power. ’ The term ‘hard power’ refers to tangible materials; such as the Military and how many tanks a country has, for example. However, according to Nye, American cannot operate solely with its ‘hard power’ if it expects to successfully influence its interests around the world. In fact, as America’s strong Military power has increased, â€Å"its ability to persuade is at low ebb in many parts of the world, even among its oldest allies. † Therefore, it is safe to assume that in order for the US to further excel its dominant power globally, the country should consider the possibilities of using soft power’ rather than ‘hard power,’ or combining both resources. Consequently, there are other means and sources of power from which the US has the potential to influence their interests to others successfully. Under some American leaders, the design and model of the American foreign policy has been operating under a flawed perception of good conduct and is in need of repair. Although the US appears to be lacking considerable ‘soft power,’ under the current Presidential Administration, the US has attempted to supplement ‘hard power’ for ‘soft power. ’ For example, the Peace Corps (PC) and voluntary private organizations (PVO) have helped increase US ‘soft power’ by delivering new sources of power. Specifically, the PC and PVO join forces and create Peace Corps Volunteers (PVC) who share their cultural or ideological values with others, for example human rights, and influence others to wanting similar things. In turn, the significance of using this form of ‘soft power’ increases positive attention, but more importantly the power of the US on an international level is raised or increased. Therefore, the theory of ‘soft power’ creates a positive impact for the US and helps plays a major role in determining the country’s position, in regards to power and authority. Conversely, challenges have been brought upon Nye’s ‘soft power’ from critics arguing that no government can achieve influence over other countries or implement its aspirations without ‘hard power,’ more so military power. According to realists, such as Hans Morgenthau, soft power cannot deal with almost every world threat. For example, the recent intervention of the American foreign policy in the Middle East did not aid the US increase power, but rather in these cases the use of ‘soft power’ backfired. This is evident in the fallout in Libya, Yemen, and Egypt. The unintended consequences in Libya of the attack on the US consulate on September 11, 2012, resulted in the death of Ambassador Christopher Stevens and four other American embassy staff. The situation in the Libya and the Middle East is an example of how the efforts of Obama’s Administration to incorporate ‘soft power’ tactics were ineffective. However, other ‘moral realists’ assume that hard power alone is â€Å"self-defeating, and that and that nothing imperils Americas global stature so much as the amoral drift of U. S. foreign policy under the sway of multinational corporatism. † Whereas other cases suggest that using ‘soft power’ identifies a sense of weakness in a country political ability to obtaining their goals and may not always produce the desired outcomes. Ultimately, governments have the choice whether or not to follow the model of ‘soft power’ and learn to effectively use it to obtain the outcomes they desire. III. Soft Power and International Politics When Joseph Nye, Jr. introduced the concept of ‘soft power’ he did not limit the theory to the US or other similar strong nation. He noted that the notion of ‘soft power’ could be developed more â€Å"credibly abroad. † After the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, ‘soft power’ has significantly become increasing in importance on a global scale around the world. With respect to international politics, Nye argues that there cannot be â€Å"global stability without the help of others† and the cooperation of international institutions, such as the United Nations. With no military forces of its own and a fairly low financial budget, it would seem the United Nations was an international institution built entirely on the foundation of relying on borrowed ‘hard power’ from other states. Created in 1945, the United Nations replaced its predecessor the League of Nation that failed in the 1930s, and acted as â€Å"the servant of its member states†¦protects the sovereign jurisdiction of its members. Designed to undertake the role of ‘policemen’ to enforce national, and collective security it was evident that the UN had and abundant influence of ‘hard power. ’ Evidence of the impact of the UN’s ‘ hard power’ was demonstrated in the exceptional cases that were the Korean War and first Gulf War. Nevertheless, the UN also has substantial international influence on countries through its use of the concepts of ‘soft power. ’ For example, the UN has the ability to â€Å"legitimize the actions of states† especially with respect to permitting or accepting an authority’s use of power. For example, according to Nye, the invasion of Iraq by the US Military sanctioned by the Bush Administration in 2003 could not have prevented. Undeniably, the UN remains a significant source of power and legitimacy around the world. Moreover, in terms of the international implications of Nye’s ‘soft power,’ the UN has demonstrated how useful soft power has been. Particularly, when used towards great powerful nations like the US. Albeit there are some limits to the UN’s ability and actions under ‘soft power,’ the concept is very much real, and deserves to be partly credited for the UN’s sustainability. IV. Evolution of Concepts of Power After the significant formulation and implementation of the theory of ‘soft power,’ Nye continues to develop his theory further. Originally, Nye separated the notion of power to be studied as two different ‘types’ – hard and soft. However, now the attention has shifted towards a newer principle, which he calls ‘smart power. ’ The CSIS: Commission on Smart Power report describe ‘smart power’ as, â€Å"developing an integrated strategy, resources base, and tool kit to achieve American objectives, drawing on both hard and soft power. † The notion of soft power is that it is not necessarily ‘hard power’ or ‘soft power. ’ The assumption under this approach, Nye emphasizes the importance of having both a powerful military, as well as â€Å"heavily invested in alliances. † Since the introduction of ‘smart power,’ it has received continuous interest and attention. A reason why ‘smart power’ is to be taken seriously and considered an effective instrument is evident in the US politics. Wilson suggests, ‘the most obvious reason to reflect seriously on smart power is because of the widely perceived shortcomings of the policies of the U. S. administration over the past seven years. † There is a universal notion that the foreign policies under the Bush Administration were not ‘smart. ’ As a consequence, the security interests of the US have been compromised, along with â€Å"unprecedented resentment† from the global community, which ultimately weakened the US’s position in power. However, according to the CSIS Commission’s report, the US regained the framework of power dominance as well as became a ‘smart power’ because the country invested in the â€Å"global good† V. Conclusion Political Science analyst, Joseph S. Nye, Jr. was a very influential International Relations theorist who created the theory of ‘soft power’ from the notion of ‘hard power,’ and further improved the concept of power by developing ‘smart power. ’ The notion of ‘soft power’ has been the critical problem-solving model for a variety of issues, for example, the global economy, and terrorism. Overall, Nye’s concepts of power play a vital role in all areas of study. The notion of ‘soft power’ has had it’s weaknesses from critics about the theory being misappropriated to mean insufficient power or a sign of weakness, nevertheless, ‘soft power’ has evidently been strong for many countries, in particular the United States. Ultimately, Nye’s concept of ‘soft power’ has proven to be more of an effective tool than not in international relations.